Halloween in France French-English Bilingual Story

This dialogue about French Halloween celebrations will help you practice your French vocabulary in context. La Fte de Halloween en France Camille parle avec Patricia, son amie amà ©ricaine qui habite en France. Patricia a une petite fille qui sappelle Angel et qui a le mà ªme à ¢ge que sa fille Leyla.Camille is speaking with her American friend Patricia friend who lives in France. Patricia has a little girl named Angel who is the same age as her daughter Leyla. PatriciaBonjour Camille, à §a va ?Hi Camille, how are you? CamilleSalut Patricia, oui, à §a va bien, et toi ?Hi Patricia, Im fine, thanks, and you? PatriciaÇa va, merci. Dis-moi, est-ce que vous faites quelque chose pour Halloween cette annà ©e ?Fine, thanks. Tell-me, are you doing something for Halloween this year? Des bonbons ou un sort ! Trick or treats in French CamilleNous, non, mais Leyla, oui. Son à ©cole organise une petite parade sur le port de Paimpol, et aprà ¨s, les enfants iront demander des bonbons ou un sort dans les rues.We dont, but Leyla does. Her school organizes a little parade on Paimpols harbor, and after, the kids will go trick or treating in the streets. PatriciaAh bon ? Je suis surprise, je nai jamais eu denfants qui venaient sonner chez moi le jour dHalloween. On fà ªte gà ©nà ©ralement Halloween en France ?Really? Im surprised, Ive never had kids ringing my doorbell on Halloween. Do you usually celebrate  Halloween in France? Halloween in France, a new Tradition? CamilleEt bien, à §a dà ©pend vraiment. Traditionnellement, non. On fà ªte la Toussaint, et les familles vont prier sur les  tombes de leurs morts. Cest donc un jour plutà ´t triste, consacrà © à   la prià ¨re et aux souvenirs des à ªtres aimà ©s qui nous ont quittà ©s.  Well, it really depends. Traditionally, we dont. We celebrate All Saints Day, and families pray on the tombs of  their dead. So its a rather sad  day, dedicated to prayer and remembering the loved ones who have left us. Et puis, depuis†¦ les annà ©es quatre-vingt  dix environ ? Halloween est devenu plus populaire en France, à   cause de linfluence des sà ©ries tà ©là © probablement. Les magasins et les grandes marques utilisent aussi limage dHalloween, les citrouilles, les squelettes etc†¦ pour leurs publicità ©s, donc, maintenant, les Franà §ais savent bien ce que cest, et certains commencent à   le fà ªter.  And then, since†¦ the nineties I think? Halloween has become more and more popular in France, because of the influence of sitcoms probably. Shops and trademarks use the images of Halloween,  pumpkins, skeletons etc†¦ in their ads, so now, French people know it well, and some even start to celebrate Halloween. PatriciaTu es dà ©jà   allà ©e à   une fà ªte dHalloween en France ?Have you ever been to a Halloween party in France? A French Costumed Halloween Party CamilleEn fait, oui ! Quand javais 20 ans, une amie qui allait souvent à   Londres à   organisà © une fà ªte dHalloween chez ses parents. Tout le monde à ©tait trà ¨s bien dà ©guisà © ; il y avait bien sà »r une tonne de vampires, un squelette et quelques zombies. Moi je navais pas de dà ©guisements chez moi, et pas dargent, alors je mà ©tais juste habillà ©e en blanc et javais accrochà ©Ã‚  une grosse araignà ©e en plastique sur mon dos†¦.Actually, I have! When I was 20, a girlfriend who often went to London organized a party at her parents. Everybody was really well dressed-up: there was a ton of vampires, a skeleton, and a few zombies. I didnt have any costume at home, and no money, so I just dressed in white and attached a big plastic spider on my back.   PatriciaEt bien moi, jadore Halloween. Cest une de mes fà ªtes prà ©fà ©rà ©e, et chaque annà ©e, nous faisions une grande fà ªte avec mes amis à   Boston. Ça me manque, alors je pense organiser une fà ªte le weekend daprà ¨s. Tu crois que à §a marchera ?As far as Im concerned, I love Halloween. Its one of my favorite  holidays, and each year, we used to organize a big party with my friends in Boston. I miss it, so I think were going to organize a party the following weekend. Do you think people will come? CamilleOui, jen suis sà »re. Les Franà §ais adorent se dà ©guiser et les adultes font souvent des fà ªtes costumà ©es pour le Nouvel An, ou un anniversaire†¦Ã‚  Yes, Im sure of it. French people love to dress up and adults often organize costumed parties for New Years or a birthday†¦ English Teachers in France Love Halloween PatriciaOui, et puis je pense faire des ateliers pour les enfants : sculpture de  citrouilles, peinture de visages, atelier danglais†¦ cest une bonne faà §on de leur apprendre du vocabulaire !Yes, and I was thinking of doing workshops for kids; pumpkin carving, face painting, English language workshops†¦ its a good way to teach them some vocabulary! CamilleCest ce que pensent beaucoup de professeurs de maternelle ici, et cest la raison pour laquelle la mairie et là ©cole de Paimpol organise un dà ©filà ©. Rien de tel que des   bonbons  pour motiver les enfants !  Thats what many elementary school teachers think, and its the reason why Paimpols city hall and school organize a parade. Nothing like candies to motivate kids!

Essay on Cjhs400 R1 Behavior Plan Template Week 3

University of Phoenix Material Behavior Plan Template Use this template to create behavioral plans for assignments in Weeks Two and Three. Fill in each section and provide additional information as needed. Client Identifying Information List all pertinent and known identifying information. Name Max Age 35 (About) Gender Male Religion None History Describe all pertinent and known history. Medical He has suffered from depression in the past. Family He does not talk about his family, which seems to be an interesting area because he only talks about himself. Substance Abuse There is no history of substance abuse, but since he has suffered from a past of depression there could be medications involved. Developmental and Social Max does†¦show more content†¦Relationship/Emotional issues is an important area that Max need to work on. He needs to be able have a relationship with others that does not consist of him being selfish or dominiating. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he does not know how to interact with people without being dominating or using sex to his advantage to get what he wants. Severity and Number of Relapses If Max does not get this behavior under control he could have to do prison or jail time. He could also run into the wrong person and lose his life or be seriously injured. He has relapsed around 4 times, it has been difficult for him. Max needs to learn how to have a normal relationship with a person, that uses the correct emotions and is not all about himself. There will come a time when he is truly alone and has nobody because they do not like how dominating and arrogant he was. He could resort back into depression. He has relapsed around 5 times because he cannot stop being dominating and arrogant. Interventions Max needs to be in angermanagment classes, along with group and one-on-one therapy. He also needs do some sort of community service. Max needs to be in one-on-one therapy and group therapy. He should volunteer at homeless shelters, so he can appreciate what he has and improve his own self-worth. He should be

User Interaction and Cloud Implementation of Healthcare System

Question: Tele-health can reduce socioeconomic demands by reducing travelling for face-to-face visits. Technology can be successfully applied in community-based patient care to enhance the capacity of nurses to deliver medications management for clients, resulting in increased efficiency of service delivery as well as staff and patient satisfaction. Tele-health in patients homes supplements delivery of care, can reduce unplanned medical visits and improve self-management of an illness. Remote healthcare can supplement the delivery of care, providing support to clients and healthcare staff. For this project we are using the Tunstall tele-health monitoring equipment as an example of the type ofequipment that is used. See the series of 2 minute videos on the following site to see what their current Technology looks like for tablet interaction with older people: The aim of the project is to improve the tablet computer interaction for the end-user of tele-health hardware and software in the homes of older people living in the community. We will assume that the community-dwelling older people live in regional, rural and remote locations in the central west of NSW. The solution involves a cloud-based mobile application, although you might also identify other possible delivery methods for the interaction. You need to create a Project Vision Document which contains: Problem Capabilities Benefits Specific analysis techniques have not been taught yet, so this assignment does not require technical descriptions. Answer: Introduction The project focuses on enhancing the computer interaction for the healthcare software and hardware. The project comprises the development of a healthcare system similar to tele-health application with enhances functionality and user interface. Furthermore, the project involves the implementation of the cloud based application for the remote, rural and regional area of New South Wales. Positioning Problem Statement The problem of Hardware and software interaction of telehealth application Affects The elderly people living in the remote and rural places of New South Wales the impact of which is Lack of efficient and easy user-interface a successful solution would be Implementation of a cloud based easy interactive application for easy and effective health care solution. Product Position Statement The telehealth system targets the elderly people living in home and communities for providing healthcare assistance. The elderly people living in the rural, regional and remote location in the New South Wales are the target customer for the telehealth system. For The aged and elderly people living in the community Who The developed project will allow the elderly living in the remote and rural location to get healthcare solutions through cost-efficient, and easy user interfaces for the patients The healthcare monitoring Is an application software That Provides easy interactive cloud-based application for remote and mobile access Unlike telehealth care application Our product Will deliver anytime anywhere access leveraging cloud computing Stakeholder Descriptions Stakeholder Summary In the development of the telehealth system, the various stakeholders who are involved in this project are doctors, nurses, and cloud service providers, patients, software developer, Owner Company, project manager, marketing team, online medical assistances and others. The stakeholders in the company are benefitted in terms of market presence and effective healthcare assistance. The elderly patients get medical assistance from their home, the doctors and nurses can provide medical help from one place. The owner company and the shareholder have financial benefits and market success. The new product has introduced the cloud technology and mobile applications into their system. The new enhancement provides technological, security and accessibility improvement for providing healthcare assistance (Czaja et al., 2014, p-188). Through the addition of these features, the stakeholders in the project are greatly affected in terms of profits and market success. In addition to that, the functional and non-functional requirement on the project assists in providing better care and health assistance. Name Description Responsibilities Software Developer The software developer in the project is the developer team who are associated with the project; The software developers are responsible for implementing the healthcare system with effective user-interface, implementing healthcare features, testing the system and ensuring effectiveness and efficiency (Ward, Peppard, 2016, p-76) Healthcare Service Providers The healthcare service providers are the team of experts The healthcare service providers assist the developers in understanding the requirement of the application and how monitoring works. The health care providers are responsible for furnishing the healthcare solutions and services to the patients (Abdelhak, Grostick, Hanken, 2014, p-145). Cloud Implementers The expert's technicians, engineers for implementing cloud facility; The cloud implementers have the responsible for integrating the cloud technology in the system for easy accessing the system from remote and rural places (Grefen, Pernici, Snchez, 2012, p-56). Project Shareholders The owner of the project, the owner of the health cares service provider The project shareholders are responsible for the approving the project implementation, funding the development and cloud implementation (Ball, Weaver, Kiel, 2013, p-92). User Environment The stakeholders are going to develop the product for the elderly persons living in a remote community of the New South Wales. The people have a limited technological knowledge and require easy interface for the online healthcare system. The team requires improving the interface of the system so that the patients can easily utilize the system for inputting the medical information (Galianoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Castillo et al., 2016, p-98). There needs to be an option for voice input so that the user can easily input the information like weight, blood pressure, etc. The healthcare system will be developed for the elderly people living in the remote and rural area of the New South Wales. The project team comprises of ten members, project manager and cloud implementation expert for the development of the system. The number of people involved in the project is constant (Longest Jr Darr, 2014). The project manager has allocated the time to each activity in the project. In addition to that, the project manager has endured the timely execution of each activity in the project as allocated the schedule. The system is developed focusing on the people of New South Wales for easier and remote access to healthcare solutions. The current healthcare assistance systems are based on Windows platform only (Breen et al., 2015, p-511). The project aims at developing a platform-independent system for accessing healthcare services from both personal computers and mobile devices. The developed system will provide, long-term health care monitoring and control, provid e online healthcare meeting with medical experts, provide medical suggestions and solutions, schedule meeting with doctors and controlling and monitoring the health condition of the patients. Product Overview Product Perspective The developed application for the mobile healthcare assistance is dependent on the cloud technology, healthcare experts, and healthcare servers. The elderly patients input their medical information through the application that is being saved in the cloud and sent the server for analysis. The data are then fetched from the remote server and cloud server for providing a solution to the patients through their mobile devices. Figure 1: Block Diagram of the Health Care System (Created by Author) Assumptions and Dependencies The assumptions for the system are: The devices accessing the healthcare system are connected to the internet; The user is already registered with the system; Needs and Features The functional requirements and feature of the new cloud based telehealth application are: Secure database: The database stores and retrieves the user data for constant monitoring of the patients; Cloud Infrastructure: The cloud implementation will allow device and platform independent access to the developed system (Tsai, 2014, p-381); Real-Time Monitoring: The system will use the data and information given by the users and provide observations of the improvement of the patients health. The inclusion of the functional requirement will help in improving the functionality and efficiency of the developed system and provide the elderly people living in remote places with efficient healthcare assistance. Need Priority Features Planned Release Mobile application High The system will be accessed from any mobile devices connected to the internet. 1st December 2016 Provide Data Storage Facility High The patients will able to store their data, information and medical histories stored in the system. 1st December 2016 Video Conferencing Medium This feature will allow the patients to directly communicate through video conference with the doctors. 1st January 2017 Alternatives and Competition The Tunstall e-health system is one of the major competitors to the developed system having established e-health services. The Tunstall telehealth system provides video conferencing and long-term monitoring of the patients. Tunstall has aimed their services to the elderly that provided scheduling a one-to-one video session with the medical experts (Liu et al., 2013, p-1470). Tunstall has developed it to get medical assistance from their residence without the need of visiting the hospitals. The competitors product has devices attached to the tablets for reading medical conditions that monitor the health, video conferencing features to the doctors. From the business point of view, the online medical assistance eliminated the need for visiting the doctor and allowed the users to users to monitor their health for a long time. Although providing online assistance is the significant strength of the telehealth, the main disadvantage in term of business is the lack in the easy user interface. Since the telehealth is aimed for the elderly, there is a scope of enhancing the user interface of the system. There are various existing healthcare systems like tele-health exist in the market that gives tough competition to the use of the developed system (Pearlson, Saunders, Galletta, 2016). The significant strength of the developed system is the use of cloud computing that provides access to the system from any mobile devices. Other Product Requirements The non-functional requirements and their features of the new system are: User personalization: The user will be able to create profile and save medical information for long time monitoring of the persons health (Nazneen et al., p-59) ; Content Aggregation: The new e-health system will be developed within a single page with easy of navigation and having all the services integrated into a singular module; Ease of Use: The e-health system will be developed for the elderly people, who have limited knowledge about the technology; Support for various service modules: The e-health support system real-time monitoring and medical assistance. The new system will have video conferencing modules integrated for immediate medical assistance and feedback. The requirement for the system will be developed within a time limit of one year. The developed system will provide easy user accessibility and help in gaining more customers to the system. The new developed system will allow the user to access the system form any device and location that provides a market advantage to the stakeholders. The developed system is operation system independent and can be accessed from any platform and any devices. The user needs first to register through the application and log in to his account every time he wants a medical assistance. The system is dependent on the internet access. The system will also provide online help assistance for using the application for the first time. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., Hanken, M. A. (2014).Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ball, M., Weaver, C., Kiel, J. (Eds.). (2013).Healthcare information management systems: Cases, strategies, and solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Breen, S., Ritchie, D., Schofield, P., Hsueh, Y. S., Gough, K., Santamaria, N., ... Aranda, S. (2015). The Patient Remote Intervention and Symptom Management System (PRISMS)a Telehealth-mediated intervention enabling real-time monitoring of chemotherapy side-effects in patients with haematological malignancies: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials,16(1), 1. Czaja, S. J., Lee, C. C., Arana, N., Nair, S. N., Sharit, J. (2014). Use of a telehealth system by older adults with hypertension.Journal of telemedicine and telecare,20(4), 184-191. Eaton, L. H., Gordon, D. B., Wyant, S., Theodore, B. R., Meins, A. R., Rue, T., ... Doorenbos, A. Z. (2014). Development and implementation of a telehealth-enhanced intervention for pain and symptom management.Contemporary clinical trials,38(2), 213-220. Galianoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Castillo, N., Cantareroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Villanueva, I., Fernndezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lao, C., Arizaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Garca, A., Dazà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Rodrguez, L., Delà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Moralà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ vila, R., Arroyoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Morales, M. (2016). Telehealth system: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of an internetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based exercise intervention on quality of life, pain, muscle strength, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors.Cancer. Grefen, P., Pernici, B., Snchez, G. (Eds.). (2012).Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Liu, Y. W., Hsu, Y. L. (2013, October). Development of a bed-centered telehealth system based on a motion-sensing mattress. In2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics(pp. 1466-1470). IEEE. Longest Jr, B. B., Darr, K. J. (2014).Managing Health Services Organizations and Systems,(MHSOS). Health Professions Press, Inc.. Nazneen, N., Rozga, A., Smith, C. J., Oberleitner, R., Abowd, G. D., Arriaga, R. I. (2015). A Novel System for Supporting Autism Diagnosis Using Home Videos: Iterative Development and Evaluation of System Design.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,3(2). Pearlson, K. E., Saunders, C. S., Galletta, D. F. (2016).Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Schlieter, H., Burwitz, M., Schnherr, O., Benedict, M. (2015, March). Towards Model Driven Architecture in Health Care Information System Development. InWirtschaftsinformatik(pp. 497-511). Tsai, C. H. (2014). Rural residents acceptance towards a telehealth system: The integrative perspective of technology acceptance model and social cognitive theory.Scientific Research and Essays,9(9), 380-383. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Tariffs on Imports free essay sample

In simplest terms, a tariff is a tax. It adds to the cost of imported goods and is one of several trade policies that a country can enact. Tariffs are often created to protect infant industries and developing economies, but are also used by more advanced economies with developed industries. Here are five of the top reasons tariffs are used: Protecting Domestic Employment The levying of tariffs is often highly politicized. The possibility of increased competition from imported goods can threaten domestic industries.These domestic companies may fire workers or shift production abroad to cut costs, which means higher unemployment and a less happy electorate. The unemployment argument often shifts to domestic industries complaining about cheap foreign labor, and how poor working conditions and lack of regulation allow foreign companies to produce goods more cheaply. In economics, however, countries will continue to produce goods until they no longer have a comparative advantage (not to be confused with an absolute advantage). We will write a custom essay sample on Tariffs on Imports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Protecting Consumers A government may levy a tariff on products that it feels could endanger its population. For example, South Korea may place a tariff on imported beef room the United States if it thinks that the goods could be tainted with disease. Infant Industries The use of tariffs to protect infant industries can be seen by the Import Substitution Industrialization (SIS) strategy employed by many developing nations. The government of a developing economy will levy tariffs on imported goods in industries in which it wants to foster growth.This increases the prices of imported goods and creates a domestic market for domestically produced goods, while protecting those industries from being forced out by more competitive pricing. It decreases unemployment and allows developing countries to shift from agricultural products to finished goods. Criticisms of this sort of protectionist strategy revolve around the cost of us besieging the development of infant industries. If an industry develops without competition, it could wind up producing lower quality goods, and the subsidies required to keep the state-backed industry afloat could sap economic growth.National Security Barriers are also employed by developed countries to protect certain industries that are deemed strategically important, such as those supporting national security. Defense industries are often viewed as vital to state interests, and often enjoy significant levels of protection. For example, while both Western Europe and the United States are industrialized, both are very protective of defense-oriented companies. Retaliation Countries may also set tariffs as a retaliation technique if they think that a trading partner has not played by the rules . For example, if France believes that the United States has allowed its wine producers to call its domestically produced sparkling wines Champagne (a name specific to the Champagne region of F-range) for too long it may levy a tariff on imported meat from the United States. If the U. S. Agrees to crack down on the improper labeling, France is likely to stop its retaliation. Retaliation can also be employed if a trading partner goes against the governments foreign policy objectives.Types of Tariffs and Trade Barriers There are several types of tariffs and barriers that a government can employ: Specific tariffs Ad valor tariffs Licenses Import quotas Voluntary export restraints Local content requirements Specific Tariffs A fixed fee levied on one unit of an imported good is referred to as a specific tariff. This tariff can vary according to the type Of good imported. For example, a country could levy a $1 5 tariff on each pair of shoes imported, but levy a $300 tariff on each computer imported.Ad Valor Tariffs The phrase ad valor is Latin for according to value, and this type vitrify is levied on a good based on a percentage of that goods value. An example of an ad valor tariff would be a 15% tariff levied by Japan on U. S. Automobiles. The is a price increase on the value of the automobile, so a $1 0,000 vehicle now costs $1 1,500 to Japanese consumers. This price increase protects domestic producers from being undercut, but also keeps prices artificially high for Japanese car shoppers. Non-tariff barriers to trade include: A license is granted to a business by the government, and allows the business to import a certain type of good into the country. For example, there could be a restriction on imported cheese, and licenses would be granted to certain companies allowing them to act as importers. This creates a restriction on competition, and increases prices faced by consumers. Import Quotas An import quota is a restriction placed on the amount of a particular good that can be imported. This sort of barrier is often associated with the issuance of licenses.For example, a country may place a quota on the volume of imported citrus fruit that is allowed. Voluntary Export Restraints (EVER) This type of trade barrier is voluntary in that it is created by the exporting country rather than the importing one. A voluntary export restraint is usually levied at the behest of the importing country, and could be accompanied by a reciprocal EVER. For example, Brazil could place a EVER on the exportation of sugar to Canada, based on a request by Canada. Canada could then place a EVER on the exportation of coal to Brazil.This increases the price of both coal and sugar, but protects the domestic industries. Local Content Requirement Instead of placing a quota on the number of goods that can be imported, the government can require that a certain percentage of a good be made domestically. The restriction can be a percentage of the good itself, or a percentage of the value of the good. For example, a restriction on the import of computers might say that 25% of the pieces used to make the computer are made domestically, or can say that 15% of the value of the good must come from domestically produced components. In the final section well examine who benefits from tariffs and how they affect the price of goods. Who Benefits? The benefits of tariffs are uneven. Because a tariff is a tax, the government will see increased revenue as imports enter the domestic market. Domestic industries also benefit from a reduction in competition, since import prices are artificially inflated. Unfortunately for consumers both individual consumers and businesses higher import prices mean higher prices for goods.If the price of steel is inflated due to tariffs, individual consumers pay more for products using steel, and businesses pay more for steel that they use to make goods. In short, tariffs and trade barriers tend to be pro- reducer and anti-consumer. The effect of tariffs and trade barriers on businesses, consumers and the government shifts over time. In the short run, higher prices for goods can reduce consumption by individual consumers and by businesses. During this time period, businesses will profit and the government will see an increase in revenue from duties.In the long term, businesses may see a decline in efficiency due to a lack of competition, and may also see a reduction in profits due to the emergence of substitutes for their products. For the government, the long-term effect of subsidies is an increase in the demand for public arrives, since increased prices, especially in foodstuffs, leave less disposable income. (For related reading, check out In Praise Of Trade Deficits. ) How Do Tariffs Affect Prices? Tariffs increase the prices of imported goods. Because of this, domestic producers are not forced to reduce their prices from increased competition, and domestic consumers are left paying higher prices as a result. Tariffs also reduce efficiencies by allowing companies that would not exist in a more competitive market to remain open. Figure 1 illustrates the effects of world trade without the presence of a tariff. In the graph, DOS means domestic supply and AD means domestic demand. The price of goods at home is found at price P, while the world price is found at P*.At a lower price, domestic consumers will consume Growth of goods, but because the home country can only produce up to Q, it must import Q- Q worth of goods. Figure 1. Price without the influence Of a tariff When a tariff or other price-increasing policy is put in place, the effect is to increase prices and limit the volume of imports. In Figure 2, price increases from the non-tariff P* to P. Because price has increased, more domestic impasses are willing to produce the good, so Q moves right. This also shifts Q left.The overall effect is a reduction in imports, increased domestic production and higher consumer prices. (To learn more about the movement of equilibrium due to changes in supply and demand, read Understanding Supply-Side Economics. ) Figure 2. Price under the effects of a tariff Tariffs and Modern Trade The role tariffs play in international trade has declined in modern times. One of the primary reasons for the decline is the introduction of international organizations designed to improve free trade, such as the World Trade Organization (WTFO).Such organizations make it more difficult for a country to levy tariffs and taxes on imported goods, and can reduce the likelihood of retaliatory taxes. Because of this, countries have shifted to non-tariff barriers, such as quotas and export restraints. Organizations like the WTFO attempt to reduce production and consumption distortions created by tariffs. These distortions are the result of domestic producers making goods due to inflated prices, and consumers purchasing fewer goods because prices have increased. (To learn about the Wets efforts, read What Is The World Trade Organization? )Since the sass, many developed countries have reduced tariffs and trade barriers, which has i mproved global integration and brought about globalization. Multilateral agreements between governments increase the likelihood of tariff reduction, while enforcement on binding agreements reduces uncertainty. The Bottom Line Free trade benefits consumers through increased choice and reduced prices, but because the global economy brings with it uncertainty, many governments impose tariffs and other trade barriers to protect industry. There is a delicate balance between the pursuit of efficiencies and the governments need to ensure low unemployment.